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NT GREEK Lesson 31

Text: Important Grammatical Observations from Mark 1
29 March 2015

SSS 4

29 March 2015

Text: Mark 1
Important Grammatical Observations

1. The Participles
a) The Make-up of the Participle
i) Verbal aspect
ii) Adjectival aspect
b) The Participle as a Substantive
Μark 1:32 τοὺς δαιμονιζομένους
c) The Tense of the Participle

i) The Present Participle
Μark 1:7, 39 ἐκήρυσσεν λέγων

Mark 1:10 ἀναβαίνων ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος εἶδεν σχιζομένους τοὺς οὐρανοὺς

Μark 1:25 καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγων

Mark 1:37 καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν

The tense of the Present Participle is the same as the main verb.

ii) The Aorist Participle

Mark 1:29 ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἐξελθόντες ἦλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος καὶ Ἀνδρέου

Mark 1:43 καὶ ἐμβριμησάμενος αὐτῷ εὐθὺς ἐξέβαλεν αὐτὸν

The tense of the Aorist Participle is prior to the tense of the main verb

2. The Present Indicative

a) Normal usage: To describe a current action
Mark 1:27 ἐπιτάσσει, καὶ ὑπακούουσιν αὐτῷ

b) Special Usage: Called the Historical Present or the Dramatic Present

i) This is a fairly common practice in narrative texts

ii) It is used frequently in the Gospels

iii) It is used to highlight the drama of the event

Mark 1: 40 <>Καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν λεπρὸς παρακαλῶν αὐτὸν

Mark 1:41 καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ

3. Common expressions
a) καὶ εὐθὺς Characteristically Marcan expression

i) To indicate immediacy
Mark 1:18 καὶ εὐθὺς ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ.

ii) As a marker to indicate change of subject/ movement/ scenario
Mark 1:12, 20, 23, 29

b) τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί Mark 1:24 Idiomatic expression. It cannot be translated literally
What have we to do with you?

c) κακῶς ἔχοντας Mark 1:32 The sick κακῶς ἔχοντας ποικίλαις νόσοις Mark 1:34 The sick with various diseases

4. Different uses of the particle ὅτι
α) ὅτι ᾔδεισαν αὐτόν Mark 1:34
Causative
Translated : “because”

b) ὅτι ἐὰν θέλῃς Mark 1:40
Το introduce direct speech
It is left untranslated
A study of the context will reveal how the particle may be translated.

5. Hebraism
Καὶ ἐγένετο Μark 1:9 And it came to pass

6. Prepositions

a) Normal usage
To indicate relationship
i) εἰς τὸν Ἰορδάνην Μark 1:9
ii) ἐκ τοῦ ὕδατος Μark 1:10

b) Special usage
εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξῆλθον Μark 1:38
εἰς μαρτύριον Μark 1:44